Past Perfect (Pasado Perfecto)



FORMULARIO

[had + participio pasado]





Pasado Perfecto expresa la idea de que algo ocurrió antes de otra acción en el pasado. También puede mostrar que algo pasó antes de un tiempo específico en el pasado.



Con los verbos no continuos y algunos usos no continuas de verbos mixtos , utilizamos el Pasado Perfecto para demostrar que algo golpeaba en el pasado y continuó hasta otra acción en el pasado.



Examples:

We had had that car for ten years before it broke down.
By the time Alex finished his studies, he had been in London for over eight years.
They felt bad about selling the house because they had owned it for more than forty years.



Aunque el uso anterior de Past Perfect se limita normalmente a los verbos no continuos y usos no continuas de verbos mixtos, las palabras ", en vivo" "trabajo", "enseñar" y "estudio" se utilizan a veces de esta manera a pesar de que son verbos NO no continuos.
Los tiempos específicos importantes con el Pasado Perfecto



A diferencia con el Presente Perfecto , es posible utilizar palabras o frases de tiempo específicos con el Pasado Perfecto. Aunque esto es posible, por lo general no es necesario.

Ejemplo:

Ella había visitado a sus familiares japoneses una vez en 1993 antes de que ella se mudó con ellos en 1996.
POR OTRA PARTE

Si la acción Pasado Perfecto se produjo en un momento determinado, el pasado simple se puede utilizar en lugar del Pasado Perfecto cuando "antes" o "después" se utiliza en la frase. Las palabras "antes" y "después" en realidad te dice lo que pasa en primer lugar, por lo que el Pasado Perfecto es opcional. Por esta razón, ambas frases siguientes son correctas.


Examples:

She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996.
She visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996.


Si el Pasado Perfecto no se refiere a una acción en un momento específico, Past Perfect no es opcional. Comparación de los ejemplos a continuación. Aquí Past Perfect se refiere a la falta de experiencia en lugar de una acción en un momento específico. Por esta razón, pasado simple no se puede utilizar.



ADVERB PLACEMENT

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as:
(Los ejemplos siguientes muestran la colocación de los adverbios gramaticales como
always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:

You had previously studied English before you moved to New York.
Had you previously studied English before you moved to New York?


ACTIVE / PASSIVE

Examples:

George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanic's license. Active
Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanic's license. Passive.








Past Perfect Continuous (Pasado Perfecto Continuo)


FORM

[had been + present participle]

Examples:

You had been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived.
Had you been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived?
You had not been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived.
Complete List of Past Perfect Continuous Forms

USE 1 Duration Before Something in the Past



We use the Past Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and continued up until another time in the past. "For five minutes" and "for two weeks" are both durations which can be used with the Past Perfect Continuous. Notice that this is related to the Present Perfect Continuous; however, the duration does not continue until now, it stops before something else in the past.

Examples:

They had been talking for over an hour before Tony arrived.
She had been working at that company for three years when it went out of business.
How long had you been waiting to get on the bus?
Mike wanted to sit down because he had been standing all day at work.
James had been teaching at the university for more than a year before he left for Asia.
A: How long had you been studying Turkish before you moved to Ankara?
B: I had not been studying Turkish very long.
USE 2 Cause of Something in the Past



Using the Past Perfect Continuous before another action in the past is a good way to show cause and effect.

Examples:

Jason was tired because he had been jogging.
Sam gained weight because he had been overeating.
Betty failed the final test because she had not been attending class.
Past Continuous vs. Past Perfect Continuous

If you do not include a duration such as "for five minutes," "for two weeks" or "since Friday," many English speakers choose to use the Past Continuous rather than the Past Perfect Continuous. Be careful because this can change the meaning of the sentence. Past Continuous emphasizes interrupted actions, whereas Past Perfect Continuous emphasizes a duration of time before something in the past. Study the examples below to understand the difference.

Examples:

He was tired because he was exercising so hard.
This sentence emphasizes that he was tired because he was exercising at that exact moment.
He was tired because he had been exercising so hard.
This sentence emphasizes that he was tired because he had been exercising over a period of time. It is possible that he was still exercising at that moment OR that he had just finished.
REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs / Mixed Verbs

It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any continuous tenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings for Mixed Verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses. Instead of using Past Perfect Continuous with these verbs, you must use Past Perfect.

Examples:

The motorcycle had been belonging to George for years before Tina bought it. Not Correct
The motorcycle had belonged to George for years before Tina bought it. Correct
ADVERB PLACEMENT

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:

You had only been waiting there for a few minutes when she arrived.
Had you only been waiting there for a few minutes when she arrived?
ACTIVE / PASSIVE

Examples:

Chef Jones had been preparing the restaurant's fantastic dinners for two years before he moved to Paris. Active
The restaurant's fantastic dinners had been being prepared by Chef Jones for two years before he moved to Paris. Passive